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Bakthavatsalam, N.

• Record of Three Larval Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from Southern India

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Authors

Ankita Gupta ¹, G. K. Sujayanand ¹, N. Bakthavatsalam ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 53-55

Abstract

Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) commonly known as legume pod borer is known to infest many leguminous crops. In the recent rearing records of larval parasitoids from M. vitrata three species of wasps have been bred, Bassus relativus (Bhat and Gupta, 1977) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), Phanerotoma hendecasisella Cameron, 1905 (Braconidae: Cheloninae) and Trathala flavoorbitalis (Cameron, 1907) (Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae). Amongst these three Indian species of wasps, B. relativus is recorded for the first time as a larval parasitoid of M. vitrata. In the present study main diagnostic characters of all the three species of parasitic wasps along with their hosts and distribution details are provided.

Keywords

Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Larval Parasitoids, Maruca vitrata.

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References

• Bhat S, Gupta VK. 1977. The subfamily Agathidinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Ichneumonologia Orientalis 6. Oriental Insects 6: 1–353.
• Cameron P. 1905. On the phytophagous and parasitic Hymenoptera collected by Mr. E.Green in Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica 3: 67–143.
• Cameron P. 1907. On the parasitic Hymenoptera collected by Major C.G. Nurse in the Bombay presidency. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 17: 584 –595, 1011 –1012.
• Rousse P. 2011. Ichneumonid wasps from Madagascar. V. Ichneumonidae Cremastinae. Zootaxa 3118: 1–30.
• Yu D. 2012. Home of Ichneumonoidea. Available from: http://www.taxapad.com (Accessed on 04 Jan. 2013).

• Influence of Rice Cultivars on the Parasitization Efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii and Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead

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Authors

Deepa Bhagat ¹, N. Bakthavatsalam ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 26, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 329–333

Abstract

Trichogrammatids are efficient egg parasitoids in rice agroecosystem and two species of Trichogramma viz., Trichogramma chilonis Ishii and T. japonicum Ashmead were reported from several species of rice stem borers and other lepiodpterous pests. Physicochemical variations between the cultivars of crops often interfere with the efficiency of the Trichogramma spp. The response of T. chilonis and T. japonicum to the variations in the volatile profile of rice cultivars was investigated. The results indicated that the parasitization efficiency of both T. chilonis and T. japonicum was influenced by the volatiles of rice cultivars. While in some cultivars, such as Kadamba, MTU-1010, KMT 148, KCP-1, the response of T. chilonis was very high, in some of the cultivars like CTH-1, MTU 1010, VTT-5204, the response by T. japonicum was high. The highest overall response of 83.89 % was recorded in the variety Kadamba by T. chilonis. Volatile profile of the cultivars indicated the presence of 9,12,15 octadecatrienoic acid and 9-octadecenal might have played positive role in the attraction of T. chilonis to specific cultivars while hexadecane, heptadecane, petadecane and hexadeconic acid might be responsible for the attraction of T. japonicum.

Keywords

Trichogramma chilonis, Trichogramma japonicum, Rice cultivars, Volatile.

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References

• Balakrishnan N, Baskaran RKM, Mahadevan NR. 2006. Influence of different cotton varieties/hybrid on the ovipositional preference and predation of Chrysoperla carnea Stephens and parasitization of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii. J Exptl Zool. 9: 93–96.
• Basit A, Saikia K, Bhattacharyya B. 2001. Varietal preference of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii in laboratory. Insect Env. 7: 22–23.
• Chakraborty K. 2011. Report on gg parasitoids of Scirophaga incertulas from Hamtabad, West Bengal. Ann Pl Prot Sci. 19(1): 213–214.
• Dandale HG, Thakare AY, Tikar SN, Rao NGV, Nimbalkar SA. 2002. Egg laying by Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on hairy and non-hairy cultivars of hirsutum cotton and its parasitization by Trichogramma chilonis Ishii. Insect Env. 8: 167–168.
• Khan MA, Tiwar, S. 2001. Effect of plant extracts on the parasitization efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii. J Biol Control 15: 133–137.
• Jalali SK, Rabindra RJ, Rao NS, Dasan CB. 2003. Mass production of Trichogrammatids and Chrysopids. Tech Bull 33. Project Directorate of Biological Control, Bangalore. 16 pp.
• Madhu S, Paul AVN, Singh DB. 2000. Synomonal effect of different plant extracts on parasitism by Trichogramma brasiliensis (Ashmead) and Trichogramma japonicum (Ashmead). Shashpa 7: 35–40.
• Paul AVN, Singh S, Singh AK. 2002. Kairomonal effect of some saturated hydrocarbons on the egg parasitoids Trichogramma brasiliensis (Ashmead) and Trichogramma exiguum, Pinto, Platner and Oatman (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). J Appl Entomol. 126: 409–416.
• Rani PU, Kumari SI, Sriramakrishna T, Sudhakar TR. 2007. Kairomones extracted from rice yellow stem borer and their influence on egg parasitization by Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead. J Chem Ecol. 33: 59–73.
• Romeis J, Shanower TG, Zebitz CPW. 1999. Why Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) egg parasitoids of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fail on chickpea? Bull Ent Res. 89: 89–95.
• Shankarganesh K, Khan MA. 2006a. Bio-efficacy of plant extracts on parasitisation of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead and T. poliae Nagaraja. Ann Pl Prot Sci. 14: 280–282.
• Shankarganesh K, Khan MA. 2006b. Effect of some weed extracts on parasitisation behaviour of Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). J Ent Res. 30: 151–153.
• Singh JP, Joginder Singh, Brar KS. 2001. Efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii on different varieties of cotton. Insect Env. 7: 15–16.
• Srivastava M, Paul AVN, Singh AK, Dureja P. 2004. Synomonal effect of chickpea varieties on the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera). Indian J Entomol. 66: 332– 338.
• Tandon PL. 2001. Negative aspects of interaction between host plant resistance and biological control and its implication in integrated pest management of crops, pp 13–21. In: Upadhyay, RK, Mukerji, KG and Chamola BP (Eds). Biocontrol potential and it exploitation in sustainable agriculture. Vol. 2. Insect pests. Kluever Academic/Plenum Publishers.
• Tandon PL, Bakthavatsalam N. 2001. Influence of chickpea genotypes on the parasitization efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii on Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) eggs. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Biocontrol Based Pest Management for Quality Crop Protection in the Current Millenium) pp 36–37, July 18–19, 2001 PAU Ludhiana.
• Tandon PL, Bakthavatsalam N. 2002. Parasitization efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii on Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) eggs-influence of pigeon pea genotypes, 75–78. In: Tandon, PL, Ballal, CR, Jalali, SK, Rabindra, RJ) (Eds.). Biological control of lepidopteran pests. Society for Biocontrol Advancement, Bangalore, India.
• Tandon PL, Bakthavatsalam N. 2004. Influence of sunflower genotypes on parasitization efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Helicoverpa armigera DEEPA BHAGAT and BAKTHAVATSALAM (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Biol Control 18: 129–34.
• Tandon PL, Bakthavatsalam N. 2005. Electrophysiological and olfactometric responses of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to volatiles of trap crops-Tagetes erecta Linnaeus and Solanum viarum Dunal. J Biol Control 19: 9–16.
• Virk JS, Brar KS, Sohi AS. 2004. Effect of varieties/ hybrids of cotton on the parasitization efficiency of Tricho-gramma chilonis Ishii. J Biol Control 18: 73–75.
• Wakil MASRMSW. 2011. Efficacy of some plant extracts against rice borers and leaf folder in integration with biocontrol agents (Chrysoperla carnea and Trichogramma chilonis). Pakistan Entomol. 33(2): 81–85.

• Electrophysiological Response of Tetrastichus schoenobii Ferriere (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an Egg Parasitoid of Rice Stem Borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to the Extracts of Plants Collected from Rice Ecosystem

Abstract Views :233  |  PDF Views:134

Authors

N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, G. Ravi ², Deepa Bhagat ¹, P. L. Tandon ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai 612 101, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 98-102

Abstract

Tetrastichus schoenobii Ferriere is an efficient egg parasitoid on rice yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker). The electrophysiological response of females of T. schoenobii to the extracts of plants collected from rice fields was studied under laboratory conditions. The highest response was noticed to the host plant of the pest, S. incertulas and honey solution. Response was also noticed to the flowers of Hyptis suaveolens, a common weed in rice fields, mostly by female parasitoids to the flowers of the non-crop vegetation.

Keywords

Tetrastichus schoenobii, Scirpophaga incertulas, Electrophysiology, Hyptis suaveolens.

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• Plant Volatile Diversity in Different Tomato Genotypes and its Influence on Parasitization Efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii on Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

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Authors

P. L. Tandon ¹, N. Bakthavatsalam ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Box No.2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 2 (2007), Pagination: 271-281

Abstract

Evaluation of 15 tomato genotypes (Varieties/hybrids) for their influence on the parasitization efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii on Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) eggs under screen house condition revealed significant differences in terms of per cent parasitization. Least parasitization was recorded on Arka Abha (20%) and highest on Arka Ahuti (50%), followed by Anand-1 (46.66%). Olfactory response of T. chilonis to tomato fruit volatiles did not show significant differences. However, leaf volatiles showed significant differences in their attraction to T. chilonis. The fruit volatiles identified from different genotypes comprised 16 compounds, which include alkane hydrocarbons, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and other metabolites. It revealed great fruit volatile diversity in terms of number of compounds (qualitative) and their proportions (quantitative). Maximum compounds were identified from variety Ramya and Pusa Ruby (12 each). The major compound present in the fruit volatiles was Linalool-L and its proportionate concentration varied from 1.79 (Pusa Ruby) to 91.12 per cent (Arka Abha). This was followed by heptadecane (present in all the genotypes) and the proportionate concentration varied from 2.89 (A. Saurabh) to 62.9 per cent varalakshmi. The leaf volatile profiles of the genotypes evaluated include 19 compounds. Except genotype varalakshmi in which a-pinene constituted 69.69 per cent of total volatiles, in all other genotypes heptadecane was the main compound and the concentration varied from 21.72 (in Ramya) to 60.75 per cent (in A. Abha). Some of the compounds identified α-phellandrene, a-pinene, trans-caryophyllene, (Z)-α-farnesenc, trans-α-ocimene and selinene are known for their synomonal activity.

Keywords

Genotypes, Helicoverpa armigera, Parasitizing Efficiency, Tomato, Trichogramma Chilonis, Volatile Diversity.

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• Electro-Physiological and Olfactometric Responses of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to Volatiles of Trap Crops -Tagetes erecta Linnaeus and Solatium viarum Dunal

Abstract Views :257  |  PDF Views:118

Authors

P. L. Tandon ¹, N. Bakthavatsalam ¹

Affiliations
1 P. B. No. 2491. H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 19, No 1 (2005), Pagination: 9-16

Abstract

Experiments were done on electro-physiological and olfactometeric responses of Helicoverpa armigera (Hiibner) and its egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii to leaf and floral volatiles of Tagetes erecta Linnaeus and Solanum viarum Dunal. H. armigera female moths exhibited highest mean absolute net electrophysiological response (−0,462mv) to floral volatiles of T. erecta followed by volatiles from leaves (−0.395mv), In case of olfactometric responses, T. chilonis showed maximum net response to hexane extract of T. erecta flower bud (47.5%), followed by floral and leaf volatiles. However, statistically all these cues were on par. The volatile compounds identified from leaves and flowers of T. erecta, and leaves of 5. viarum were 16, 17 and 21 in number, respectively. The compounds found common in both the trap crops were: 1, 2, benzenedicarboxylic acid, cis-a-bisabolene, eicosane, hexacosane, heptacosane, pentacosane, tetradecane and nonadecane. Among the floral volatiles, piperitenone was in the highest proportion (25.5%), followed by piperitone (5.39%), limonene (4.83%), trans- b-ocimene (3.35%), cis-epoxy-ocimene (4.83%), myrcene (1.13%) and BHT-aldehyde (0.34%). Studies revealed that both the trap crops -T. erecta and S.viarum are Trichogramma friendly.

Keywords

Electrophysiological and Olfactometric Responses, Helicoverpa armigera, Solanum viarum, Tagetes erecta, Trap Crops, Trichogramma chilonis, Volatile Compounds.

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• Influence of Strain Variability and Kairomonal Substances on Parasitization Efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Abstract Views :195  |  PDF Views:104

Authors

N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, P. L. Tandon ¹

Affiliations
1 Biological Control (ICAR), P. B. No 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 20, No 1 (2006), Pagination: 13-18

Abstract

Trichogramma chilonis Ishii is an effective egg parasitoid for the management of several lepidopterous borer pests. With a view to improve its efficiency further, study was conducted on the influence of strain variability and kairomonal substances on its parasitization under multiple-choice assay using an 8-arm olfactometer. The results revealed that irrespective of treatment with kairomonal substances, highest mean parasitization of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) eggs (21.5%) was done by strain collected from the sugarcane borers (Strain IS). Least mean parasitization was observed in eggs exposed to Strain 22. Among the five kairomonal substances tested, hexacosane (0.1%) induced highest mean egg parasitization, The interaction between T. chilonis strains and kairomones indicated that the combination of Strain 15 and hcxacosane (0.1%) was most effective and registered highest egg parasitization (36.6%), followed by the combination of Strain 15 and tricosanc (0.1%). The scope of selecting and utilizing the behaviorally responsive strains in combination with their effective kairomones for field release is discussed.

Keywords

Kairomonal Substances, Parasilization Efficiency, Strain Variability, Triehogramma chilonis.

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• Kairomone Formulations as Reinforcing Agents for Increasing Abundance of Chrysoperla cornea (Stephens) in Cotton Ecosystem

Abstract Views :230  |  PDF Views:141

Authors

N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, P. L. Tandon ¹, S. B. Patil ², Bhemanna Hugar ³, A. Hosamani ³

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Bag No, 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, IN
3 Regional Agricultural College (UAS, Dharwad), Raichur, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 1-8

Abstract

Adults and larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) utilize different kairomones for oviposition, prey selection and acceptance. The larval kairomones containing scale extracts fortified with tricosane along with the eggs of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) as the supplementary diet, and the adult kairomone, acid hydrolyzcd L-tryptophan were studied to increase the predatory activity of the C. carnea in cotton ecosystem at three locations during 2002-2004. Controls were maintained with the two releases of C. carnea and without any treatment. In all the locations, the number of eggs, larvae, pupae or adult C. carnea was more than the treated control and control. The number of aphids, jassids, and the incidence of bollworm were significantly less in kairomone treated plots, compared to other plots. However, no difference was observed in the activity of coccinellids predators. The scope for utilizing the kairomones as reinforcing agents for C. carnea is discussed.

Keywords

Abundance, Chrysoperla Carnea, Cotton, L-Tryptophan, Scale Extract, Tricosane.

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• Kairomones, their Optimum Concentrations, and Application Techniques to Enhance the Parasitization Efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Abstract Views :214  |  PDF Views:145

Authors

N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, P. L. Tandon ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological control (ICAR) P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 20, No 2 (2006), Pagination: 169-174

Abstract

Studies to identify effective kairomones, their optimum doses and appropriate application techniques with a view to increase the parasitizing efficiency of T. chilonis were conducted during 2005-06 in the laboratory. Fresh hexane extract of Corcyra cephalonica (1%)+hexacosane (0.3%) and C. cephalonica scale extract (1%)+nonacosane (0.3%) were the most attractive and recorded the highest egg parasitization (77.25% in both) when applied in impregnated rubber septa. The second effective kairomone was C. cephalonica scale extract (1%)+pentacosane (0.3%). Kairomone impregnated septa as dispensers proved better over paper strips. No significant difference in parasitizing efficiency was recorded between ochre and orange septa kairomone dispensers.

Keywords

Hexacosane, kairomones, Nonacosane, Pentacosane, Rubber Septa, Scales Extract, Trichogramma chilonis, Tricosane.

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• Influence of Sunflower Genotypes on Parasitization Efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Helicoverpa armigera (Hiibner)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract Views :202  |  PDF Views:109

Authors

P. L. Tandon ¹, N. Bakthavatsalam ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (lCAR), H. A. Farm Post, P. B. No. 2491, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 18, No 2 (2004), Pagination: 129-134

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted on the effect of sunflower genotypes (21 nos.) on the parasitization efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii on Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) under screen house conditions at Project Directorate of Biological Control (lCAR), Bangalore, Karnataka during 1999-2000. Pooled analysis of the data generated under these experinIents revealed significant difference in per cent parasitism of H. armigera eggs by T. chilonis on these genotypes. Highest parasitism was observed on sunflower hybrid MSFH 17 (53.50%) among all the genotypes evaluated. Second best performance was on variety Morden (42.50%), followed by RHA-274 (41.00%) and hybrid KBSH 1 (38.00%). However, statistically all these were on par. Least parasitism was recorded on hybrid BSH-I (8.00%), followed by variety 6D·l (9.50%) and accession no. 109 (12.50%). Strangely, both parent lines of this hybrid, namely, CMS 234A and RHA 274, recorded much higher parasitism. All other genotypes recorded low to moderate parasitism ranging from 16.00 to 34.50 per cent. The sunflower genotypes (hybrids, cultivars, inbred lines), which are found T. chilonis friendly, are also agronomically acceptable. Among them, two are important national high yielding (seed and oil) hybrids (MSFH 17 and KBSH 1).

Keywords

Genotypes, Helicoverpa armigera, Parasitization Efficiency, Sunflower, Trichogramma chilonis.

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• Synomone mediated behavioural responses of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to cotton infested by Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract Views :232  | 

Authors

N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, P. L. Tandon ¹, M. Chaudhary ¹, S. Preethi ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 14, No 2 (2000), Pagination: 1-6

Abstract

Chrysoperta carnea (Stephens) is considered as an important predator against Helicoverpa armigera (Hii bner) and other sucking pests. The behavioural response of adult of C. carnea to the volatiles of plants infested by H. armigera was studied under laboratory conditions through electroantennogram and olfactometer. The adults showed good electroantennogram response to volatiles from flowers and bolls of cotton infested by H. armigera. Highest response was noticed to tbe infested bolls than flowers and leaves. In zone resident period studies, the adults spent distinctively more time in the zone 6 (nearest to source) when infested bolls were tested. In dual choice methods, significantly more number of adults reached the synomone arm than the control arm, when infested eotton bolls were tested. The response to infested leaves was very poor.

Keywords

Chrysoperiu carnea, Electroantennogram, Helicoverpa armigera, Infested Cotton, Synomone, Olfactometer.

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• Behavioural Responses of Key Parasitoids of Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) to the Kairomones

Abstract Views :304  |  PDF Views:150

Authors

N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, P. L. Tandon ¹, M. Chaudhary ¹, S. Preethi ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 13, No 1&2 (1999), Pagination: 7-14

Abstract

Hexane wash of gallery and body of Opisina arenosella Walker elicited positive response from the parasitoids namely Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck), Brachymeria nephantidis Gahan and Elasmus nephantidis Rohwer, in terms of more number of parasitoids entering the kairomone arm than hexane arm in 'Y' tube olfactometer. Although, numerically, the gallery wash elicited higher response than larval body wash of the host O. arenosella to G. nephantidis, statistically, the treatments were on par. Chemical analysis of kairomonal substances using GCMS revealed the presence of 13-tetradecenal and myristic acid in the gallery wash, in addition to dodecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, eicosane and tricosane. Larval wash showed terpenoids like alpha-terpinene and alpha humulene.

Keywords

Behavioural Responses, Brachymeria nephantidis, Elasmus nephantidis, Goniozus nephantidis, Kairomones, Opisina arenosella.

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• L-Tryptophan as an Ovipositional Attractant for Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae)

Abstract Views :218  |  PDF Views:117

Authors

N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, S. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Box No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 10, No 1&2 (1996), Pagination: 21-27

Abstract

Laboratory and field cage experiments were conducted to select the best kairomone as an ovipositional attractant for Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). Acid hydrolysed L-tryptophan (15 days after storage) was found to be highly attractive to the males and females of C. carnea in no choice method, using wind tunnel method and in multiple choice method using the kairomone treated filter paper. Pure commercial honey, 25 per cent and 50 per cent honey solutions were attractive in no choice method but not in the multiple choice method. Highest number of eggs were laid on the filter paper sprayed with 15 days old L-tryptophan in laboratory study. However, in the field cage studies, only 3 day old L-tryptophan recorded highest oviposition on cotton plants treated with the kairomones, probably the breakdown product of L-tryptophan is not effective in long range if stored beyond 7 and 15 days. Possibility of using L-tryptophan in the field is discussed.

Keywords

Chrysoperla carnea, Honey, L-Tryptophan, Ovipositional Attractant.

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• Podagrion sp. (Hymenoptera:Torymidae), an Egg Parasitoid of Mantids in Nagaland

Abstract Views :215  |  PDF Views:138

Authors

N. Bakthavatsalam ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore -560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 9, No 2 (1995), Pagination: 130

Abstract

The eggs of Tenodera aridifolia sinensis (Saussure) were parasitised by Podagrion sp. in Nagaland. The per cent oothecae parasitised was 28 and 40.6 during 1987 and 1988, respectively.

Keywords

Egg Parasitoids, Podagrion sp, Tenodera aridifolia sinensis.

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• Optimum Temperature for Short Term Storage of Eggs of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Abstract Views :205  |  PDF Views:113

Authors

N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, N. A. Pushpalatha ¹, B. S. Bhummannavar ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, H.A. Farm Post, Bangalore 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 9, No 1 (1995), Pagination: 45-46

Abstract

Chrysopids being efficient predators are used against pests of several important crops (Canard et al., 1984). Techniques for mass rearing of these chrysopids were developed by several workers (Morrison, 1977; Krishnamoorthy and Nagarkatti, 1981; Patel et al., 1987). Elsewhere in the world, detailed studies were conducted on the long term storage of the eggs of chrysopids (Tauber et al., 1993). However, reports on the storage of the eggs of chrysopids are lacking in India. An attempt was made to find out the optimum temperature and age of the eggs of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) for short term storage and the results are communicated in this short paper.

Keywords

Chrysoperla carnea, Eggs Optimum Temperature, Storage.

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• A Semi-Synthetic Larval Diet for Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae)

Abstract Views :211  |  PDF Views:113

Authors

N. A. Pushpalatha ¹, S. P. Singh ², N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, B. S. Bhumannavar ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, IN
2 Biological Control, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 54-55

Abstract

The value of chrysopids as a biological control agent in IPM programme has been appreciated in recent times. Efforts to mass rear them, investigations on dietary requirements and artificial diets with varying degrees of success have been reported (Hassen and Hagen, 1978; Gautam and Paul, 1987; Vanderzant, 1973).

Keywords

Chrysoperla carnea, Semisynthetic Diet.

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• Chemoecological Approaches for Insect Borer Pest Management

Abstract Views :269  |  PDF Views:83

Authors

Abraham Verghese ¹, N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, Kesavan Subaharan ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560 024, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 111, No 5 (2016), Pagination: 783-784

Abstract

A wide range of agricultural, horticultural and forest trees are vulnerable to insect borer pests causing serious loss to the economy. Cryptic nature of the borers causes the infestations to be overlooked until sizeable damage has occurred. Employing chemical or biological control has not yielded desirable results in suppressing these, as interventions hardly reach the target site/insect. However, the hazard of pesticides remains. Understanding the ecological interaction mediated by cues, especially odours between borers and their host will aid in the development of clean and green technologies.

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• Autodetection in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

Abstract Views :231  |  PDF Views:88

Authors

N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, J. Vinutha ¹, P. Ramakrishna ¹, A. Raghavendra ¹, K. V. Ravindra ¹, A. Verghese ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bengaluru 560 024, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 110, No 12 (2016), Pagination: 2261-2267

Abstract

Autodetection is an olfactory behavioural process where the females of some species respond to their own pheromonal blends. Through electroantennogram studies it has been proved that the gravid females of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) respond to their pheromone blend consisting of Z-11-hexadecenal and Z-9- hexadecenal in the ratio 97 : 3. Male antennae respond more strongly than virgin female antennae. However, antennae of gravid females elicit strong response than unmated males. Also, males showed strong responses in cross-wind flying in wind tunnel experiments, when sex pheromone blends were used. Virgin females and gravid females showed poor response in wind-tunnel studies. The ovipositional experiment where gravid females were allowed to oviposit in the presence and absence of pheromone odours indicated that there was no difference in the number of eggs laid. Through morphological studies, it has been proved that the females also possess sensilla trichoidea, destined to perceive the pheromone blends, though lesser in number than the males. These results support the hypothesis that autodetection of sex pheromones exists in females of H. armigera and is thought to function as a mechanism to induce dispersal under high population densities.

Keywords

Autodetection, Electroantennogram, Helicoverpa armigera, Oviposition, Synthetic Sex Pheromone.

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• Studies on New Invasive Pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its Natural Enemies

Abstract Views :575  |  PDF Views:376

Authors

A. N. Shylesha ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, Richa Varshney ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, Pradeeksha Shetty ¹, Rakshit Ojha ¹, Prabhu C. Ganiger ², Omprakash Navik ¹, K. Subaharan ¹, N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, Chandish R. Ballal ¹, A. Raghavendra ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 All India Coordinated Research Project on Small Millets, Univeristy of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru - 560065, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 32, No 3 (2018), Pagination: 145-151

Abstract

Occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly known as fall armyworm, in southern India is reported along with associated natural enemies. Severe damage was noticed in Chikkaballapur, Hassan, Shivamogga, Davanagere and Chitradurga during July-August 2018. The incidence ranged from 9.0 to 62.5 percent at various locations, maximum incidence was recorded in Hassan district followed by Chikkaballapur, Davanagere, Shivamogga and Chitradurga. Morphology and molecular based taxonomic tools were used for the identification of this pest. The GenBank accession number MH704433 of Chikkaballapur population was released on 1^st August, 2018 and Barcode obtained from BOLD System-ID: AGIMP054-18. The survey also revealed natural parasitism by egg parasitoids viz., Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), gregarious larval parasitoid, Glyptapanteles creatonoti (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) solitary larval parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and a solitary indeterminate larval-pupal (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae) parasitoid. Spodoptera frugiperda is the first host record for G. creatonoti across the globe. Glyptapanteles creatonoti, being a well established parasitoid of various noctuids in India and Malaysia, was capable of parasitizing S. frugiperda. Besides these, other commonly found bioagents viz., Forficula sp. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Farl.) Samson was also collected in large numbers. We report the natural enemy complex of S. frugiperda for the first time from India. The electro physiological response of Indian population of S. frugiperda male adults to pheromone was established. The studies to manage this pest by any/all means are in progress.

Keywords

Karnataka, Maize, New Pest.

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References

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• Cautionary Note on the Presence of Homalotylus turkmenicus Myartseva (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in the Colonies of Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Southern India

Abstract Views :222  |  PDF Views:123

Authors

Ankita Gupta ¹, M. Mohan ², M. Sampathkumar ³, A. N. Shylesha ³, S. R. Venkatachalam ⁴, N. Bakthavatsalam ³

Affiliations
1 ICAR–National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Germplasm collection and characterization, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560 024, Karnataka, IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
4 TCRS, TNAU, Yethapur - 636 117, Tamil Nadu

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 34, No 2 (2020), Pagination: 158-160

Abstract

High percentage of Homalotylus turkmenicus Myartseva (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing Hyperaspis maindroni Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) predating on the colonies of the Cassava Mealybug (CMB) Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is observed in southern India. In the present study, cautionary note on the presence of H. turkmenicus in the food web of insects associated with the CMB and brief diagnosis of the parasitoid is presented for quick identification. The parasitism of Hy. maindroni grubs by H. turkmenicus ranged from 65.67 to 80.95 per cent. However, no primary parasitoid of the cassava mealybug was observed so far.

Keywords

Cassava Mealybug, Hyperparasitoid, Predation.

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References

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• Invasion of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in India: Nature, Distribution, Management and Potential Impact

Abstract Views :265  |  PDF Views:85

Authors

S. B. Suby ¹, P. Lakshmi Soujanya ¹, Pranjal Yadava ¹, Jagadeesh Patil ², K. Subaharan ², G. Shyam Prasad ³, K. Srinivasa Babu ³, S. L. Jat ¹, K. R. Yathish ¹, Jyothilakshmi Vadassery ⁴, Vinay K. Kalia ⁵, N. Bakthavatsalam , J. C. Shekhar ¹, Sujay Rakshit ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Punjab Agricultural University Campus, Ludhiana 141 004, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad 500 030, IN
4 DBT-National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110 067, IN
5 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 119, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 44-51

Abstract

Fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)) is emerging as the most destructive pest of maize in India since its report in May 2018. Its rapid spread to more than 90% of maize-growing areas of diverse agro-ecologies of India within a span of 16 months presents a major challenge to smallholder maize farmers, maize-based industry, as well as food and nutritional security. FAW has been reported from other crops as well like sorghum and millets with varied proportion of economic damage. In this review, the transboundary movement of FAW, role of ecology, its spread and damage are discussed. Management of FAW by developing and deploying various pest management tools is elaborated. The role of agro-ecological measures for reducing FAW damage with African experiences has also been highlighted.

Keywords

Agro-Ecology, Fall Armyworm, Host Plant Resistance, Integrated Pest Management, Transgenics.

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• Occurrence of Cassava Mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera), A New Invasive Pest on Cassava in India and Prospects for its Classical Biological Control

Abstract Views :215  |  PDF Views:90

Authors

M. Sampathkumar ¹, M. Mohan ¹, A. N. Shylesha ¹, Sunil Joshi ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, S. Vennila ², S. R. Venkatachalam ³, M. Vijayakumar ⁴, Madhu Subramanian ⁵, M. Yoganayagi ⁶, T. R. Ashika ¹, N. Bakthavatsalam ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 ICAR-National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi 110 102, IN
3 Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Yethapur 636 119, IN
4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sandhiyur 636 204, IN
5 Directorate of Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, IN
6 State Department of Horticulture and Plantation Crops, Tamil Nadu, Senthamangalam 637 409, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 432-435

Abstract

Increased globalization and trade have made India a target for entry of many new alien insect pests. One such unintentional recent introduction is the cassava mealybug (CMB), Phenacoccus manihoti on cassava. Monitoring on the occurrence and damage potential of CMB on cassava was undertaken during 2020. Among the places surveyed, maximum damage score (4–5) and density of the mealybug (>1000/shoot tip) were recorded in Salem and Namakkal districts of Tamil Nadu and Thrissur district of Kerala. In the absence of effective native natural enemies and other methods of control, CMB might pose a major crisis to the cassava industry in India. The prospects of its suppression by classical biological control are quite vibrant and the initiative to import the parasitoid wasp, Anagyrus lopezi from Thailand and the Republic of Benin is already being taken by ICAR-NBAIR, Bengaluru, India.

Keywords

Biological Control, Damage, Invasive, Monitoring, Phenacoccus manihoti.

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References

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• Potential of Polymer Matrix in Delivery of Lemon Grass Cymbopogon citratus Stapf Essential Oil Against House Fly Musca domestica L.

Abstract Views :98  |  PDF Views:64

Authors

R. Senthoorraja ¹, K. Subaharan ², Deepak Kumar Patel ³, Vppalayam Shanmugam Pragadheesh ⁴, S. Basavarajappa ¹, N. Bakthavatsalam ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H A Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, Karnataka, IN
3 CPMU, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research 560064, Bangalore, IN
4 National Centre for Biological Sciences- TIFR, Bengaluru 560065, IN

Source

Indian Journal of Entomology, Vol 84, No 3 (2022), Pagination: 556-561

Abstract

House fly Musca domestica L. is a pest of humans, poultry, and livestock across the world. Dependence on chemical insecticides to contain the flies provided varying results and their continued use has led to development of insecticide resistance. Bioactive compounds in plants are an alternative source to manage M. domestica. Lemon grass, Cymbopogon citratus, Stapf essential oil caused fumigant toxicity to eggs (LC501.299 mg/dm3) and adults (16.56 mg/ dm3). The C. citratus EO caused larval repellence. Polyvinylpyrrolidone when used as polymer matrix to load C. citratus at 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 caused toxicity to flies for a longerperiod as compared to use of EO alone. The EO loaded in polymer matrix had a slower dissipation, EO+PVP polymer mixed at 1:3 retained over 80% of EO after 72 hr when exposed to 60oC. EO, whilst EO alone without a dispenser dissipated in 3 hr. The biological effect of C. citratus EO on M. domestica canbe enhanced for a longer period if loaded into a polymer matrix and this would be an effective strategyto manage M. domestica.

Keywords

Cymbopogon citratus, essential oil, fumigant toxicity, Musca domestica, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polymer matrix, slow delivery, repellence activity, ovicidal toxicity, GC-MS

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